Independence of basic arithmetic operations: Evidence from cognitive neuropsychology
نویسندگان
چکیده
Título: Independencia entre operaciones aritméticas básicas: evidencia desde la neuropsicología cognitiva. Resumen: Los casos descritos en la literatura ponen de manifiesto que las operaciones aritméticas pueden funcionar independientemente, lo que permite inferir que los procesos cognitivos implicados en las distintas operaciones podrían ser distintos. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar los distintos procesos implicados en la resolución de operaciones aritméticas: suma, resta y multiplicación. Método. Instrumento: Batería de evaluación del procesamiento numérico y el cálculo (Salguero y Alameda, 2007, 2011). Sujetos: pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido. Resultados y conclusiones: El paciente MNL conserva la suma y la multiplicación pero presenta alterada la resta. Por el contrario, el paciente PP manifiesta alteraciones en la suma y multiplicación pero conserva intacta la resta. ISR presenta un déficit selectivo para la multiplicación estando intactas la suma y la resta. Por último, ACH, conserva la suma pero tiene alteradas la resta y la multiplicación. Esta doble disociación confirma los postulados del modelo anatómico funcional de Dehaene y Cohen (1995, 1997), que plantea la existencia de una doble vía para la resolución de operaciones aritméticas simples: la ruta lingüística, para datos numéricos aprendidos memorísticamente, que se utilizaría para sumar y multiplicar, y por otro lado, la elaboración semántica, para la resta. Palabras clave: Daño cerebral; cálculo; neuropsicología cognitiva; doble disociación; operaciones aritméticas. Abstract: The cases described in literature evidence that arithmetical operations can function independently, which allows to infer that the cognitive processes involved in the different operations might be different. Objective of that work is to determine the different processes involved in the resolution of arithmetical operations: addition, subtraction and multiplication. Method. Instrument: Assesment of Numeric Processing and Calculation Battery (Salguero & Alameda, 2007, 2011). Subjects. Patients of acquired cerebral injury. Results and conclusions. The patient MNL preserves the addition and the multiplication but he presents altered the subtraction. On the contrary, the patient PP shows alterations in addition and multiplication but he conserves the skills for the subtraction. ISR presents a selective deficit for multiplication with intact addition and substraction. Finally, ACH preserves the addition but presents deficit for substraction and multiplication. This double dissociation confirms the postulates of the anatomical functional model of Dehaene and Cohen (1995, 1997) that consider a double route for the resolution of arithmetical simple operations: linguistic route, for numerical information learned automatically (of memory) and would be used for the operations of addition and multiplication, on the other hand the semantic elaboration would be for substraction.
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